![]() 24,25 Therefore, the study of the electrochemical performance of graphene prepared from four different types of natural graphite is of great significance to the selection of electrode materials for supercapacitors. 23ĭue to the preparation based on different kinds of natural graphite, there is a great difference on the degrees of structural defects, existence and content of oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene, all of which display a great influence on the performance of supercapacitors. Among them, the reduction of graphene oxide has been widely used in the large-scale preparation of graphene in industrial applications, which is the most important field of preparation of graphene and carbon-based composite materials. 11 Numerous methods, including mechanical exfoliation, 12,13 electrostatic deposition, 14 chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 15,16 liquid-phase exfoliation, 17 solvothermal methods, 18 epitaxial growth via thermal graphitization of silicon carbide, 19 unzipping carbon nanotubes, 20 and reduction of graphene oxide 21,22 have been proposed to synthesize graphene. Graphene, one of the new carbon materials in the forefront of research, has been used widely in the preparation of supercapacitors with the advantages of a large positive specific surface, high conductivity, stable chemical properties, good electrochemical performance and good supercapacitor performance. Carbon, transition metal oxides and conductive polymers are commonly used for electrode preparation in current applications. It is very important to choose the electrode material since the selection of electrode material plays a leading role in the performance of the supercapacitor. 6,7 According to the mechanism of energy storage, supercapacitors can be divided into two categories: double-layer capacitors and pseudo-capacitors. 1 Due to their long service life, excellent cycling performance, large specific capacitance, high power density and safety, 2–5 supercapacitors have been widely used in traditional industry, transportation, electromechanical products, new energy development and utilization, and military affairs. 1 Introduction The increasing shortage of energy and environmental pollution drive supercapacitors, a new type of energy storage device, to receive more and more attention and research. The rGO has a great electrochemical performance with a good repair ability, better oxygen-containing functional group removal effect, lower structural defects, larger average size of the in-plane sp 2 region and great specific capacitance. The results demonstrated that a reduction modification of GO was necessary to optimize its electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical performance analysis were performed to characterize the as-prepared GOs and rGOs. In this study, an investigation on the electrochemical performance of reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) prepared from various natural graphites was conducted. This review summarizes the scientific trends associated with the rapid development of the technique of X-ray diffraction over the past five years pertaining to the fields of pharmaceuticals, forensic science, geological applications, microelectronics, and glass manufacturing, as well as in corrosion analysis.Graphene, as a new type of carbon material in the forefront of research, has been applied widely in the area of supercapacitors with the advantages of a large positive specific surface, high conductivity, stable chemical properties and good supercapacitor performance. Consequently, the X-ray diffraction pattern is the fingerprint of periodic atomic arrangements in a given material. The peak intensities are determined by the distribution of atoms within the lattice. X-ray diffraction peaks are produced by constructive interference of a monochromatic beam of X-rays scattered at specific angles from each set of lattice planes in a sample. It provides information on structures, phases, preferred crystal orientations (texture), and other structural parameters, such as average grain size, crystallinity, strain, and crystal defects. ![]() X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful nondestructive technique for characterizing crystalline materials. ![]()
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